Intellectual disability (ID) is a developmental disorder characterized by significant limitations in both intellectual functioning and adaptive behavior, which includes everyday social and practical skills. Individuals with ID typically have an IQ score below 70, along with difficulties in learning, reasoning, problem-solving, and communication. These challenges can affect their ability to live independently, pursue education, and participate fully in community life. The causes of intellectual disability can vary widely, including genetic factors (such as Down syndrome), prenatal exposure to toxins or infections, birth complications, and environmental influences. Early diagnosis and intervention are essential in providing support and resources that can help individuals with ID reach their full potential. Treatment and support services may include special education programs, vocational training, social skills development, and various therapeutic interventions tailored to meet the unique needs of each individual. The focus is often on promoting independence, enhancing quality of life, and fostering inclusion in society.